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<title>Process art</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Process art</span></span>

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<p><b>Process art</b> is an <a href="Artistic_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Artistic movement">artistic movement</a> where the end product of art and craft, the <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/objet_d%E2%80%99art" class="extiw external" title="wikt:objet d’art">objet d’art</a></i> (<a href="Work_of_art" title="Work of art">work of art</a>/<a href="Found_object" title="Found object">found object</a>), is not the principal focus; the process of its making is one of the most relevant aspects if not the most important one: the gathering, sorting, collating, associating, patterning, and moreover the initiation of actions and proceedings. Process artists saw art as pure human expression. Process art defends the idea that the process of creating the work of art can be an art piece itself. Artist <a href="Robert_Morris_(artist)" title="Robert Morris (artist)">Robert Morris</a> predicated “anti-form”, process and time over an objectual finished product.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Movement">Movement</h2></div><p>

Process art has been entitled as a creative movement in the United States and Europe in the mid-1960s. It has roots in <a href="Performance_art" title="Performance art">performance art</a>, the <a href="Dada" title="Dada">Dada</a> movement and, more traditionally, the drip paintings of <a href="Jackson_Pollock" title="Jackson Pollock">Jackson Pollock</a>, and in its employment of <a href="Serendipity" title="Serendipity">serendipity</a>. Change and transience are marked themes in the process art movement. The <a href="Solomon_R._Guggenheim_Museum" title="Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum">Guggenheim Museum</a> states that <a href="Robert_Morris_(artist)" title="Robert Morris (artist)">Robert Morris</a> in 1968 had a groundbreaking exhibition and essay defining the movement and the Museum website states:</p><blockquote>

<p>Process Artists were involved in issues attendant to the body, random occurrences, <a href="Improvisation" title="Improvisation">improvisation</a>, and the liberating qualities of nontraditional materials such as wax, felt, and latex. Using these, they created eccentric forms in erratic or irregular arrangements produced by actions such as cutting, hanging, and dropping, or organic processes such as growth, condensation, freezing, or decomposition.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<p>The process art movement and the <a href="Environmental_art" title="Environmental art">environmental art</a> movement are directly related:

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<p>Process Artists engage the primacy of organic systems, using perishable, insubstantial, and transitory materials such as dead rabbits, steam, fat, ice, cereal, sawdust, and grass. The materials are often left exposed to natural forces: gravity, time, weather, temperature, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<p>In process art, as in the <a href="Arte_Povera" title="Arte Povera">Arte Povera</a> movement, nature itself is lauded as art; the symbolization and representation of nature, often rejected.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relationship_to_other_disciplines_and_movements">Relationship to other disciplines and movements</h3></div>

<p>Process art shares fundamental features with a number of other fields, including the <a href="Expressive_therapies" title="Expressive therapies">expressive therapies</a> and <a href="Transformative_arts" title="Transformative arts">transformative arts</a>, both of which pivot around how the creative process of engaging in artistic activities can precipitate personal <a href="Introspection" title="Introspection">insight</a>, individual healing, and <a href="Social_change" title="Social change">social change</a>, independent of the perceived value attributed to the object of creation.

</p><p>Additionally, process art is integral to <a href="Arts-based_research" class="mw-redirect" title="Arts-based research">arts-based research</a>, which uses creative process and artistic expression to investigate subjects that resist description or representation through other modes of inquiry.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Artists">Artists</h2></div>

<p>Prominent artists related to process art include <a href="Abel_Azcona" title="Abel Azcona">Abel Azcona</a>, <a href="Lynda_Benglis" title="Lynda Benglis">Lynda Benglis</a>, <a href="Joseph_Beuys" title="Joseph Beuys">Joseph Beuys</a>, <a href="Chris_Drury_(artist)" title="Chris Drury (artist)">Chris Drury</a>, <a href="Eva_Hesse" title="Eva Hesse">Eva Hesse</a>, <a href="Gary_Kuehn" title="Gary Kuehn">Gary Kuehn</a>, <a href="Barry_Le_Va" title="Barry Le Va">Barry Le Va</a>, <a href="Bruce_Nauman" title="Bruce Nauman">Bruce Nauman</a>, <a href="Robert_Morris_(artist)" title="Robert Morris (artist)">Robert Morris</a>, <a href="Richard_Serra" title="Richard Serra">Richard Serra</a>, <a href="Keith_Sonnier" title="Keith Sonnier">Keith Sonnier</a>, <a href="Aida_Tomescu" title="Aida Tomescu">Aida Tomescu</a>, and <a href="Richard_Van_Buren" title="Richard Van Buren">Richard Van Buren</a>.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFGottlieb2010" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gottlieb, Baruch (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.laboralcentrodearte.org/es/recursos/articulos/es-arte-procesual-el-nuevo-cine">"Los signos vitales del arte procesual"</a> (in Spanish). Laboral Centro de Arte<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 17,</span> 2020</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tate.org.uk/art/art-terms/p/process-art">"Process Art"</a>. Tate Modern<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 10,</span> 2020</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.guggenheim.org/artwork/movement/process-art">"Process Art"</a>. Guggenheim<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 10,</span> 2020</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Source: <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927200906/http://www.guggenheimcollection.org/site/glossary_Process_art.html">"Guggenheim Collection - Glossary - Process art"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guggenheimcollection.org/site/glossary_Process_art.html">the original</a> on 2007-09-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-09-27</span></span>.</cite> (accessed: Thursday, March 15, 2007)</span>

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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20001101071538/http://www.artandculture.com/cgi-bin/WebObjects/ACLive.woa/wa/movement?id=1037">"ArtandCulture Movement: Process Art"</a>. <i>ArtandCulture</i>. n.d. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.artandculture.com/cgi-bin/WebObjects/ACLive.woa/wa/movement?id=1037">the original</a> on November 1, 2000<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 8,</span> 2022</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barone, T. and Eisner, E., Arts Based Research. Thousand Oaks, CA, USA: Sage, (2012).</span>

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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McNiff, S., Art-Based Research. London, UK: Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 1998.</span>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>

<ul><li>Wheeler, D. (1991). <i>Art Since the Midcentury: 1945 to the Present</i>.</li></ul>

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</style><div id="Performance_art78" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Performance_art" title="Performance art">Performance art</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">Work</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><i><a href="Amen_or_The_Pederasty" title="Amen or The Pederasty">Amen or The Pederasty</a></i> (2015)</li>

<li><i><a href="Breathing_in/breathing_out" title="Breathing in/breathing out">Breathing in/breathing out</a></i> (1977)</li>

<li><i><a href="Body_Pressure" title="Body Pressure">Body Pressure</a></i> (1974)</li>

<li><i><a href="Buried_(performance_art)" title="Buried (performance art)">Buried</a></i> (2015)</li>

<li><i><a href="Couple_in_The_Cage%3A_Two_Undiscovered_Amerindians_Visit_the_West" title="Couple in The Cage: Two Undiscovered Amerindians Visit the West">Couple in The Cage: Two Undiscovered Amerindians Visit the West</a></i> (1992–93)</li>

<li><i><a href="Cut_Piece_1964" title="Cut Piece 1964">Cut Piece</a></i> (1964)</li>

<li><i><a href="Eating_(performance_art)" title="Eating (performance art)">Eating</a></i> (2012)</li>

<li><i><a href="Empathy_and_Prostitution" title="Empathy and Prostitution">Empathy and Prostitution</a></i> (2013)</li>

<li><i><a href="Food_for_the_Spirit" title="Food for the Spirit">Food for the Spirit</a></i> (1971)</li>

<li><i><a href="How_to_Explain_Pictures_to_a_Dead_Hare" title="How to Explain Pictures to a Dead Hare">How to Explain Pictures to a Dead Hare</a></i> (1965)</li>

<li><i><a href="Luminosity_(performance_art)" title="Luminosity (performance art)">Luminosity</a></i> (1997)</li>

<li><i><a href="Mattress_Performance_(Carry_That_Weight)" title="Mattress Performance (Carry That Weight)">Mattress Performance (Carry That Weight)</a></i> (2014–2015)</li>

<li><i><a href="One_%26_Other" title="One & Other">One & Other</a></i> (2009)</li>

<li><a href="Rest_Energy_(performance_piece)" title="Rest Energy (performance piece)"><i>Rest Energy</i></a> (1980)</li>

<li><i><a href="Rhythm_10" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhythm 10">Rhythm 10</a></i> (1973)</li>

<li><i><a href="Rhythm_5" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhythm 5">Rhythm 5</a></i> (1974)</li>

<li><i><a href="Rhythm_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhythm 2">Rhythm 2</a></i> (1974)</li>

<li><i><a href="Rhythm_0" title="Rhythm 0">Rhythm 0</a></i> (1974)</li>

<li><i><a href="Seedbed_(performance_piece)" title="Seedbed (performance piece)">Seedbed</a></i> (1972)</li>

<li><i><a href="Seven_Easy_Pieces" title="Seven Easy Pieces">Seven Easy Pieces</a></i> (2005)</li>

<li><i><a href="Shot_Marilyns" title="Shot Marilyns">Shot Marilyns</a></i> (1964)</li>

<li><i><a href="The_Artist_Is_Present_(performance_art)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Artist Is Present (performance art)">The Artist Is Present</a></i> (2010)</li>

<li><i><a href="The_Death_of_The_Artist" title="The Death of The Artist">The Death of The Artist</a></i> (2018)</li>

<li><i><a href="The_Fathers" title="The Fathers">The Fathers</a></i> (2016)</li>

<li><i><a href="The_Shadow_(performance_art)" title="The Shadow (performance art)">The Shadow</a></i> (2014)</li>

<li><i><a href="The_Shame_(performance_art)" title="The Shame (performance art)">The Shame</a></i> (2018)</li>

<li><i><a href="Three_Weeks_in_May" title="Three Weeks in May">Three Weeks in May</a></i> (1977)</li>

<li><i><a href="Untitled_(Rape_Scene)" title="Untitled (Rape Scene)">Untitled (Rape Scene)</a></i> (1973)</li>

<li><i><a href="Untitled_(Senior_Thesis)" title="Untitled (Senior Thesis)">Untitled [Senior Thesis], 2008</a></i> (2008)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%"><a href="List_of_performance_artists" title="List of performance artists">Artists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Marina_Abramovi%C4%87" title="Marina Abramović">Marina Abramović</a></li>

<li><a href="Vito_Acconci" title="Vito Acconci">Vito Acconci</a></li>

<li><a href="Laurie_Anderson" title="Laurie Anderson">Laurie Anderson</a></li>

<li><a href="Ron_Athey" title="Ron Athey">Ron Athey</a></li>

<li><a href="Abel_Azcona" title="Abel Azcona">Abel Azcona</a></li>

<li><a href="Franko_B" title="Franko B">Franko B</a></li>

<li><a href="Matthew_Barney" title="Matthew Barney">Matthew Barney</a></li>

<li><a href="Rebecca_Belmore" title="Rebecca Belmore">Rebecca Belmore</a></li>

<li><a href="Joseph_Beuys" title="Joseph Beuys">Joseph Beuys</a></li>

<li><a href="David_Blaine" title="David Blaine">David Blaine</a></li>

<li><a href="Mark_Bloch_(artist)" title="Mark Bloch (artist)">Mark Bloch</a></li>

<li><a href="Stuart_Brisley" title="Stuart Brisley">Stuart Brisley</a></li>

<li><a href="G%C3%BCnter_Brus" title="Günter Brus">Günter Brus</a></li>

<li><a href="Nancy_Buchanan" title="Nancy Buchanan">Nancy Buchanan</a></li>

<li><a href="Chris_Burden" title="Chris Burden">Chris Burden</a></li>

<li><a href="James_Lee_Byars" title="James Lee Byars">James Lee Byars</a></li>

<li><a href="Sophie_Calle" title="Sophie Calle">Sophie Calle</a></li>

<li><a href="Valie_Export" title="Valie Export">Valie Export</a></li>

<li><a href="Bob_Flanagan_(performance_artist)" title="Bob Flanagan (performance artist)">Bob Flanagan</a></li>

<li><a href="Terry_Fox_(artist)" title="Terry Fox (artist)">Terry Fox</a></li>

<li><a href="Coco_Fusco" title="Coco Fusco">Coco Fusco</a></li>

<li><a href="Guillermo_G%C3%B3mez-Pe%C3%B1a" title="Guillermo Gómez-Peña">Guillermo Gómez-Peña</a></li>

<li><a href="Cai_Guo-Qiang" title="Cai Guo-Qiang">Cai Guo-Qiang</a></li>

<li><a href="Ann_Hamilton_(artist)" title="Ann Hamilton (artist)">Ann Hamilton</a></li>

<li><a href="David_Hammons" title="David Hammons">David Hammons</a></li>

<li><a href="Jo_Hanson" title="Jo Hanson">Jo Hanson</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Harrison_Studio" title="The Harrison Studio">Newton Harrison</a></li>

<li><a href="Sharon_Hayes_(artist)" title="Sharon Hayes (artist)">Sharon Hayes</a></li>

<li><a href="Lynn_Hershman" class="mw-redirect" title="Lynn Hershman">Lynn Hershman</a></li>

<li><a href="Rebecca_Horn" title="Rebecca Horn">Rebecca Horn</a></li>

<li><a href="Tehching_Hsieh" title="Tehching Hsieh">Tehching Hsieh</a></li>

<li><a href="Zhang_Huan" title="Zhang Huan">Zhang Huan</a></li>

<li><a href="Natalie_Jeremijenko" title="Natalie Jeremijenko">Natalie Jeremijenko</a></li>

<li><a href="Joan_Jonas" title="Joan Jonas">Joan Jonas</a></li>

<li><a href="Allan_Kaprow" title="Allan Kaprow">Allan Kaprow</a></li>

<li><a href="Andy_Kaufman" title="Andy Kaufman">Andy Kaufman</a></li>

<li><a href="Ragnar_Kjartansson_(performance_artist)" title="Ragnar Kjartansson (performance artist)">Ragnar Kjartansson</a></li>

<li><a href="Yves_Klein" title="Yves Klein">Yves Klein</a></li>

<li><a href="Terence_Koh" title="Terence Koh">Terence Koh</a></li>

<li><a href="Yayoi_Kusama" title="Yayoi Kusama">Yayoi Kusama</a></li>

<li><a href="Suzanne_Lacy" title="Suzanne Lacy">Suzanne Lacy</a></li>

<li><a href="Phoebe_Legere" title="Phoebe Legere">Phoebe Legere</a></li>

<li><a href="James_Luna" title="James Luna">James Luna</a></li>

<li><a href="Miki_Mal%C3%B6r" title="Miki Malör">Miki Malör</a></li>

<li><a href="Eric_Millikin" title="Eric Millikin">Eric Millikin</a></li>

<li><a href="Marta_Minuj%C3%ADn" title="Marta Minujín">Marta Minujín</a></li>

<li><a href="Kent_Monkman" title="Kent Monkman">Kent Monkman</a></li>

<li><a href="Linda_Montano" title="Linda Montano">Linda Montano</a></li>

<li><a href="Frank_Moore_(performance_artist)" title="Frank Moore (performance artist)">Frank Moore</a></li>

<li><a href="Charlotte_Moorman" title="Charlotte Moorman">Charlotte Moorman</a></li>

<li><a href="Bruce_Nauman" title="Bruce Nauman">Bruce Nauman</a></li>

<li><a href="Shirin_Neshat" title="Shirin Neshat">Shirin Neshat</a></li>

<li><a href="Pat_Oleszko" title="Pat Oleszko">Pat Oleszko</a></li>

<li><a href="Pauline_Oliveros" title="Pauline Oliveros">Pauline Oliveros</a></li>

<li><a href="Mihai_Olos" title="Mihai Olos">Mihai Olos</a></li>

<li><a href="Eiko_and_Koma" class="mw-redirect" title="Eiko and Koma">Eiko Otaki</a></li>

<li><a href="Mark_Pauline" title="Mark Pauline">Mark Pauline</a></li>

<li><a href="Petr_Pavlensky" title="Petr Pavlensky">Petr Pavlensky</a></li>

<li><a href="Dorothy_Podber" title="Dorothy Podber">Dorothy Podber</a></li>

<li><a href="Jim_Pomeroy_(artist)" title="Jim Pomeroy (artist)">Jim Pomeroy</a></li>

<li><a href="Duke_Riley_(artist)" title="Duke Riley (artist)">Duke Riley</a></li>

<li><a href="Rachel_Rosenthal" title="Rachel Rosenthal">Rachel Rosenthal</a></li>

<li><a href="Martha_Rosler" title="Martha Rosler">Martha Rosler</a></li>

<li><a href="Carolee_Schneemann" title="Carolee Schneemann">Carolee Schneemann</a></li>

<li><a href="Tino_Sehgal" title="Tino Sehgal">Tino Sehgal</a></li>

<li><a href="Aliza_Shvarts" title="Aliza Shvarts">Aliza Shvarts</a></li>

<li><a href="Barbara_T._Smith" title="Barbara T. Smith">Barbara T. Smith</a></li>

<li><a href="Michael_Smith_(performance_artist)" title="Michael Smith (performance artist)">Michael Smith</a></li>

<li><a href="Stelarc" title="Stelarc">Stelarc</a></li>

<li><a href="Melati_Suryodarmo" title="Melati Suryodarmo">Melati Suryodarmo</a></li>

<li><a href="Mierle_Laderman_Ukeles" title="Mierle Laderman Ukeles">Mierle Laderman Ukeles</a></li>

<li><a href="Wolf_Vostell" title="Wolf Vostell">Wolf Vostell</a></li>

<li><a href="Robert_Whitman" title="Robert Whitman">Robert Whitman</a></li>

<li><a href="Hannah_Wilke" title="Hannah Wilke">Hannah Wilke</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Concept_21" title="Concept 21">Concept 21</a></li>

<li><a href="COUM_Transmissions" title="COUM Transmissions">COUM Transmissions</a></li>

<li><a href="Fallen_Fruit" title="Fallen Fruit">Fallen Fruit</a></li>

<li><a href="General_Idea" title="General Idea">General Idea</a></li>

<li><a href="LaBeouf%2C_R%C3%B6nkk%C3%B6_%26_Turner" title="LaBeouf, Rönkkö & Turner">LaBeouf, Rönkkö & Turner</a></li>

<li><a href="Los_Angeles_Urban_Rangers" title="Los Angeles Urban Rangers">Los Angeles Urban Rangers</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Mondo_New_York" title="Mondo New York">Mondo New York</a></i> (1988 film)</li>

<li><i><a href="Kusama%3A_Infinity" title="Kusama: Infinity">Kusama: Infinity</a></i> (2018 film)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Endurance_art" title="Endurance art">Endurance art</a></li>

<li><a href="Feminist_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminist art">Feminist art</a></li>

<li><a href="Fluxus" title="Fluxus">Fluxus</a></li>

<li><a href="Happening" title="Happening">Happening</a></li>

<li><a href="Hunger_artist" title="Hunger artist">Hunger artist</a></li>

<li><a href="Monochrom" title="Monochrom">monochrom</a></li>

<li><a href="Participatory_art" title="Participatory art">Participatory art</a></li>

<li><a href="Performance_art_in_China" title="Performance art in China">Performance art in China</a></li>

<li><a href="Survival_Research_Laboratories" title="Survival Research Laboratories">Survival Research Laboratories</a></li>

<li><a href="Viennese_Actionism" title="Viennese Actionism">Viennese Actionism</a></li>

</ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Avant-garde_movements116" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Avant-garde_movements116" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde">Avant-garde</a> movements</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Visual art</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Abstract_expressionism" title="Abstract expressionism">Abstract expressionism</a></li>

<li><a href="Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a></li>

<li><a href="Art_%26_Language" title="Art & Language">Art & Language</a></li>

<li><a href="Conceptual_art" title="Conceptual art">Conceptual art</a></li>

<li><a href="Constructivism_(art)" title="Constructivism (art)">Constructivism</a></li>

<li><a href="Proto-Cubism" title="Proto-Cubism">Proto-Cubism</a></li>

<li><a href="Cubism" title="Cubism">Cubism</a></li>

<li><a href="Functionalism_(architecture)" title="Functionalism (architecture)">Functionalism</a>

<ul><li><a href="Bauhaus" title="Bauhaus">Bauhaus</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Grosvenor_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Grosvenor School">Grosvenor School</a></li>

<li><a href="Dev%C4%9Btsil" title="Devětsil">Devětsil</a></li>

<li><a href="Divisionism" title="Divisionism">Divisionism</a></li>

<li><a href="Fauvism" title="Fauvism">Fauvism</a></li>

<li><a href="Impressionism" title="Impressionism">Impressionism</a></li>

<li><a href="Neo-Impressionism" title="Neo-Impressionism">Neo-Impressionism</a></li>

<li><a href="Post-Impressionism" title="Post-Impressionism">Post-Impressionism</a></li>

<li><a href="Color_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Color Field">Color Field</a></li>

<li><a href="Incoherents" title="Incoherents">Incoherents</a></li>

<li><a href="Lyrical_abstraction" title="Lyrical abstraction">Lyrical Abstraction</a></li>

<li><a href="Minimalism_(visual_arts)" title="Minimalism (visual arts)">Minimalism</a></li>

<li><a href="Mir_iskusstva" title="Mir iskusstva">Mir iskusstva</a></li>

<li><a href="Multidimensional_art" title="Multidimensional art">Multidimensional art</a></li>

<li><a href="Neoplasticism" title="Neoplasticism">Neoplasticism</a>

<ul><li><a href="De_Stijl" title="De Stijl">De Stijl</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Neue_Slowenische_Kunst" title="Neue Slowenische Kunst">Neue Slowenische Kunst</a></li>

<li><a href="Soviet_Nonconformist_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Nonconformist Art">Nonconformism</a></li>

<li><a href="Nouveau_r%C3%A9alisme" title="Nouveau réalisme">Nouveau réalisme</a></li>

<li><a href="Orphism_(art)" title="Orphism (art)">Orphism</a></li>

<li><a href="Performance_art" title="Performance art">Performance art</a></li>

<li><a href="Purism" title="Purism">Purism</a></li>

<li><a href="Rayonism" title="Rayonism">Rayonism</a></li>

<li><a href="Suprematism" title="Suprematism">Suprematism</a></li>

<li><a href="Temporary_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Temporary art">Temporary art</a></li>

<li><a href="Vorticism" title="Vorticism">Vorticism</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literature<br>and poetry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Acmeist_poetry" title="Acmeist poetry">Acmeism</a></li>

<li><a href="Angry_Penguins" title="Angry Penguins">Angry Penguins</a></li>

<li><a href="Asemic_writing" title="Asemic writing">Asemic writing</a></li>

<li><a href="Conceptual_writing" title="Conceptual writing">Conceptual poetry</a></li>

<li><a href="Cyberpunk" title="Cyberpunk">Cyberpunk</a></li>

<li><a href="Ego-Futurism" title="Ego-Futurism">Ego-Futurism</a></li>

<li><a href="Experimental_literature" title="Experimental literature">Experimental literature</a></li>

<li><a href="Flarf_poetry" title="Flarf poetry">Flarf poetry</a></li>

<li><a href="Hungry_generation" title="Hungry generation">Hungry generation</a></li>

<li><a href="Imaginism" title="Imaginism">Imaginism</a></li>

<li><a href="Imagism" title="Imagism">Imagism</a></li>

<li><a href="Language_poets" title="Language poets">Language poets</a></li>

<li><a href="Neoavanguardia" title="Neoavanguardia">Neoavanguardia</a></li>

<li><a href="Neoteric" title="Neoteric">Neoteric</a></li>

<li><a href="Nouveau_roman" title="Nouveau roman">Nouveau roman</a></li>

<li><a href="Oberiu" title="Oberiu">Oberiu</a></li>

<li><a href="Oulipo" title="Oulipo">Oulipo</a></li>

<li><a href="Slam_poetry" class="mw-redirect" title="Slam poetry">Slam poetry</a></li>

<li><a href="Ultraist_movement" title="Ultraist movement">Ultraísmo</a></li>

<li><a href="Visual_poetry" title="Visual poetry">Visual poetry</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Avant-garde_music" title="Avant-garde music">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By style</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Avant-garde_metal" title="Avant-garde metal">Metal</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Aleatoric_music" title="Aleatoric music">Aleatoric music</a></li>

<li><a href="Ars_subtilior" title="Ars subtilior">Ars subtilior</a></li>

<li><a href="Atonality" title="Atonality">Atonal music</a></li>

<li><a href="Electroacoustic_music" title="Electroacoustic music">Electroacoustic music</a></li>

<li><a href="Electronic_music" title="Electronic music">Electronic music</a>

<ul><li><a href="Industrial_music" title="Industrial music">Industrial music</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Experimental_pop" title="Experimental pop">Experimental pop</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="Free_improvisation" title="Free improvisation">Free improvisation</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Futurism_(music)" title="Futurism (music)">Futurism</a></li>

<li><a href="Microtonal_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Microtonal music">Microtonal music</a></li>

<li><a href="Minimal_music" title="Minimal music">Minimal music</a>

<ul><li><a href="Drone_music" title="Drone music">Drone music</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Music_theatre" title="Music theatre">Music theatre</a></li>

<li><a href="Musique_concr%C3%A8te" title="Musique concrète">Musique concrète</a></li>

<li><a href="New_Complexity" title="New Complexity">New Complexity</a></li>

<li><a href="Noise_music" title="Noise music">Noise music</a></li>

<li><a href="Rock_in_Opposition" title="Rock in Opposition">Rock in Opposition</a></li>

<li><a href="Second_Viennese_School" title="Second Viennese School">Second Viennese School</a></li>

<li><a href="Serialism" title="Serialism">Serialism</a></li>

<li><a href="Spectral_music" title="Spectral music">Spectral music</a></li>

<li><a href="Stochastic#Music" title="Stochastic">Stochastic music</a></li>

<li><a href="Sound_mass" title="Sound mass">Textural music</a></li>

<li><a href="Totalism" title="Totalism">Totalism</a></li>

<li><a href="Twelve-tone_technique" title="Twelve-tone technique">Twelve-tone technique</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cinema<br>and theatre</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Cin%C3%A9ma_pur" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinéma pur">Cinéma pur</a></li>

<li><a href="Dogme_95" title="Dogme 95">Dogme 95</a></li>

<li><a href="Epic_theatre" title="Epic theatre">Epic theatre</a></li>

<li><a href="Experimental_film" title="Experimental film">Experimental film</a></li>

<li><a href="Experimental_theatre" title="Experimental theatre">Experimental theatre</a></li>

<li><a href="Modernist_film" title="Modernist film">Modernist film</a></li>

<li><a href="Poetic_realism" title="Poetic realism">Poetic realism</a></li>

<li><a href="Postdramatic_theatre" title="Postdramatic theatre">Postdramatic theatre</a></li>

<li><a href="Remodernist_film" title="Remodernist film">Remodernist film</a></li>

<li><a href="Structural_film" title="Structural film">Structural film</a></li>

<li><a href="Theatre_of_the_Absurd" class="mw-redirect" title="Theatre of the Absurd">Theatre of the Absurd</a></li>

<li><a href="Theatre_of_Cruelty" title="Theatre of Cruelty">Theatre of Cruelty</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Constructivism_(art)" title="Constructivism (art)">Constructivism</a></li>

<li><a href="Expressionism" title="Expressionism">Expressionism</a></li>

<li><a href="Fluxus" title="Fluxus">Fluxus</a></li>

<li><a href="Futurism" title="Futurism">Futurism</a>

<ul><li><a href="Russian_Futurism" title="Russian Futurism">Russian Futurism</a>

<ul><li><a href="Cubo-Futurism" title="Cubo-Futurism">Cubo-Futurism</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Lettrism" title="Lettrism">Lettrism</a></li>

<li><a href="Modernism" title="Modernism">Modernism</a></li>

<li><a href="Minimalism" title="Minimalism">Minimalism</a></li>

<li><a href="Postminimalism" title="Postminimalism">Postminimalism</a></li>

<li><a href="Neo-minimalism" title="Neo-minimalism">Neo-minimalism</a></li>

<li><a href="Neoism" title="Neoism">Neoism</a></li>

<li><a href="Postmodernism" title="Postmodernism">Postmodernism</a>

<ul><li><a href="Postmodernist_film" title="Postmodernist film">Postmodernist film</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Late_modernism" title="Late modernism">Late modernism</a></li>

<li><a href="Primitivism" title="Primitivism">Primitivism</a></li>

<li><a href="Situationist_International" title="Situationist International">Situationist International</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_realism" title="Social realism">Social realism</a></li>

<li><a href="Socialist_realism" title="Socialist realism">Socialist realism</a></li>

<li><a href="Surrealism" title="Surrealism">Surrealism</a></li>

<li><a href="Symbolism_(arts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbolism (arts)">Symbolism</a>

<ul><li><a href="Russian_symbolism" title="Russian symbolism">Russian symbolism</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Premodern,_Modern_and_Contemporary_art_movements454" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#EAE0C8;"><div id="Premodern,_Modern_and_Contemporary_art_movements454" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Art_of_Europe" title="Art of Europe">Premodern</a>, <a href="Modern_art" title="Modern art">Modern</a> and <a href="Contemporary_art" title="Contemporary art">Contemporary</a> art movements</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#EAE0C8;"><div><a href="List_of_art_movements" title="List of art movements">List of art movements</a>/<a href="Periods_in_Western_art_history" title="Periods in Western art history">periods</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#EAE0C8;;width:1%">Premodern<br>(Western)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%"><a href="Ancient_art" title="Ancient art">Ancient</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Thracian_treasure" title="Thracian treasure">Thracian</a>

<ul><li><a href="Dacian_art" title="Dacian art">Dacian</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Nuragic_civilization#Culture" title="Nuragic civilization">Nuragic</a></li>

<li><a href="Aegean_art" title="Aegean art">Aegean</a>

<ul><li><a href="Cycladic_art" title="Cycladic art">Cycladic</a></li>

<li><a href="Minoan_art" title="Minoan art">Minoan</a></li>

<li><a href="Minyan_ware" title="Minyan ware">Minyan ware</a></li>

<li><a href="Mycenaean_Greece#Art_and_pottery" title="Mycenaean Greece">Mycenaean</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Ancient_Greek_art" title="Ancient Greek art">Greek</a>

<ul><li><a href="Sub-Mycenaean_pottery" title="Sub-Mycenaean pottery">Sub-Mycenaean</a></li>

<li><a href="Protogeometric_style" title="Protogeometric style">Protogeometric</a></li>

<li><a href="Geometric_art" title="Geometric art">Geometric</a></li>

<li><a href="Orientalizing_period" title="Orientalizing period">Orientalizing</a></li>

<li><a href="Archaic_Greek_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaic Greek art">Archaic</a></li>

<li><a href="Black-figure_pottery" title="Black-figure pottery">Black-figure</a></li>

<li><a href="Red-figure_pottery" title="Red-figure pottery">Red-figure</a></li>

<li><a href="Severe_style" title="Severe style">Severe style</a></li>

<li><a href="Ancient_Greek_art#Classical" title="Ancient Greek art">Classical</a></li>

<li><a href="Kerch_style" title="Kerch style">Kerch style</a></li>

<li><a href="Hellenistic_art" title="Hellenistic art">Hellenistic</a>

<ul><li><a href="Hellenistic_art#"Baroque"" title="Hellenistic art">"Baroque"</a></li>

<li><a href="Indo-Greek_art" title="Indo-Greek art">Indo-Greek</a>

<ul><li><a href="Greco-Buddhist_art" title="Greco-Buddhist art">Greco-Buddhist</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Neo-Attic" title="Neo-Attic">Neo-Attic</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Etruscan_art" title="Etruscan art">Etruscan</a></li>

<li><a href="Scythian_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Scythian art">Scythian</a></li>

<li><a href="Iberian_sculpture" title="Iberian sculpture">Iberian</a></li>

<li><a href="Gauls#Art" title="Gauls">Gaulish</a></li>

<li><a href="Roman_art" title="Roman art">Roman</a>

<ul><li><a href="Roman_Republican_art" title="Roman Republican art">Republican</a></li>

<li><a href="Gallo-Roman_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallo-Roman art">Gallo-Roman</a></li>

<li><a href="Augustan_and_Julio-Claudian_art" title="Augustan and Julio-Claudian art">Julio-Claudian</a></li>

<li><a href="Pompeian_Styles" title="Pompeian Styles">Pompeian Styles</a></li>

<li><a href="Trajanic_art" title="Trajanic art">Trajanic</a></li>

<li><a href="Severan_art" title="Severan art">Severan</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%"><a href="Medieval_art" title="Medieval art">Medieval</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Late_Antique_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Late Antique art">Late antique</a>

<ul><li><a href="Early_Christian_art_and_architecture" title="Early Christian art and architecture">Early Christian</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Coptic_art" title="Coptic art">Coptic</a>

<ul><li><a href="Ethiopian_art" title="Ethiopian art">Ethiopian</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Migration_Period_art" title="Migration Period art">Migration Period</a>

<ul><li><a href="Anglo-Saxon_art" title="Anglo-Saxon art">Anglo-Saxon</a></li>

<li><a href="Hunnic_art" title="Hunnic art">Hunnic</a></li>

<li><a href="Insular_art" title="Insular art">Insular</a></li>

<li><a href="Lombards#Art" title="Lombards">Lombard</a></li>

<li><a href="Visigothic_art_and_architecture" title="Visigothic art and architecture">Visigothic</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Donor_portrait" title="Donor portrait">Donor portrait</a></li>

<li><a href="Picts#Art" title="Picts">Pictish</a></li>

<li><a href="Mozarabic_art_and_architecture" title="Mozarabic art and architecture">Mozarabic</a>

<ul><li><i><a href="Repoblaci%C3%B3n_art_and_architecture" title="Repoblación art and architecture">Repoblación</a></i></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Viking_art" title="Viking art">Viking</a></li>

<li><a href="Byzantine_art" title="Byzantine art">Byzantine</a>

<ul><li><a href="Byzantine_Iconoclasm" title="Byzantine Iconoclasm">Iconoclast</a></li>

<li><a href="Macedonian_art_(Byzantine)" title="Macedonian art (Byzantine)">Macedonian</a></li>

<li><a href="Palaeologan_Renaissance#Art_and_architecture" title="Palaeologan Renaissance">Palaeologan</a></li>

<li><a href="Italo-Byzantine" title="Italo-Byzantine">Italo-Byzantine</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Franks#Art_and_architecture" title="Franks">Frankish</a>

<ul><li><a href="Merovingian_art_and_architecture" title="Merovingian art and architecture">Merovingian</a></li>

<li><a href="Carolingian_art" title="Carolingian art">Carolingian</a></li>

<li><a href="Pre-Romanesque_art_and_architecture" title="Pre-Romanesque art and architecture">Pre-Romanesque</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Ottonian_art" title="Ottonian art">Ottonian</a></li>

<li><a href="Romanesque_art" title="Romanesque art">Romanesque</a>

<ul><li><a href="Mosan_art" title="Mosan art">Mosan</a></li>

<li><a href="Spanish_Romanesque" title="Spanish Romanesque">Spanish</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Normans#Visual_arts" title="Normans">Norman</a>

<ul><li><a href="Norman%E2%80%93Arab%E2%80%93Byzantine_culture" title="Norman–Arab–Byzantine culture">Norman-Sicilian</a></li></ul></li>

<li><i><a href="Opus_Anglicanum" title="Opus Anglicanum">Opus Anglicanum</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Gothic_art" title="Gothic art">Gothic</a>

<ul><li><a href="Gothic_art_in_Milan" title="Gothic art in Milan">Gothic art in Milan</a></li>

<li><a href="International_Gothic" title="International Gothic">International Gothic</a></li>

<li><a href="International_Gothic_art_in_Italy" title="International Gothic art in Italy">International Gothic art in Italy</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Lucchese_school" title="Lucchese school">Lucchese school</a></li>

<li><a href="Art_of_the_Crusades" title="Art of the Crusades">Crusades</a></li>

<li><a href="Moscow_school" title="Moscow school">Moscow school</a></li>

<li><a href="Novgorod_school" title="Novgorod school">Novgorod school</a></li>

<li><a href="Vladimir-Suzdal_school" title="Vladimir-Suzdal school">Vladimir-Suzdal school</a></li>

<li><a href="Duecento" title="Duecento">Duecento</a>

<ul><li><a href="Sienese_school" title="Sienese school">Sienese school</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Mud%C3%A9jar_art" title="Mudéjar art">Mudéjar</a></li>

<li>Medieval <a href="History_of_cartography#Medieval_Europe" title="History of cartography">cartography</a>

<ul><li><a href="History_of_cartography#Italian_cartography_and_the_birth_of_portolan_charts" title="History of cartography">Italian school</a></li>

<li><a href="Majorcan_cartographic_school" title="Majorcan cartographic school">Majorcan school</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Mappa_mundi" title="Mappa mundi">Mappa mundi</a></i></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%"><a href="Renaissance_art" title="Renaissance art">Renaissance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Italian_Renaissance_painting" title="Italian Renaissance painting">Italian Renaissance</a>

<ul><li><a href="Trecento" title="Trecento">Trecento</a>

<ul><li><a href="Proto-Renaissance" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Renaissance">Proto-Renaissance</a></li>

<li><a href="Florentine_painting" title="Florentine painting">Florentine school</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Pittura_infamante" title="Pittura infamante">Pittura infamante</a></i></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Quattrocento" title="Quattrocento">Quattrocento</a>

<ul><li><a href="School_of_Ferrara" title="School of Ferrara">Ferrarese school</a></li>

<li><a href="Forlivese_school_of_art" title="Forlivese school of art">Forlivese school</a></li>

<li><a href="Venetian_painting" title="Venetian painting">Venetian school</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Cinquecento" title="Cinquecento">Cinquecento</a>

<ul><li><a href="High_Renaissance" title="High Renaissance">High Renaissance</a></li>

<li><a href="Bolognese_school" title="Bolognese school">Bolognese school</a></li>

<li><a href="Mannerism" title="Mannerism">Mannerism</a></li>

<li><a href="Counter-Maniera" title="Counter-Maniera">Counter-<i>Maniera</i></a></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Northern_Renaissance" title="Northern Renaissance">Northern Renaissance</a>

<ul><li><a href="Early_Netherlandish_painting" title="Early Netherlandish painting">Early Netherlandish</a>

<ul><li><a href="World_landscape" title="World landscape">World landscape</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Ghent%E2%80%93Bruges_school" title="Ghent–Bruges school">Ghent–Bruges school</a></li>

<li><a href="Northern_Mannerism" title="Northern Mannerism">Northern Mannerism</a></li>

<li><a href="German_Renaissance" title="German Renaissance">German Renaissance</a>

<ul><li><a href="Cologne_school_of_painting" title="Cologne school of painting">Cologne school</a></li>

<li><a href="Danube_school" title="Danube school">Danube school</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Dutch_and_Flemish_Renaissance_painting" title="Dutch and Flemish Renaissance painting">Dutch and Flemish Renaissance</a>

<ul><li><a href="Antwerp_Mannerism" title="Antwerp Mannerism">Antwerp Mannerism</a></li>

<li><a href="Romanism_(painting)" title="Romanism (painting)">Romanism</a></li>

<li><a href="Still_life" title="Still life">Still life</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="English_Renaissance#Visual_arts" title="English Renaissance">English Renaissance</a>

<ul><li><a href="Artists_of_the_Tudor_court" title="Artists of the Tudor court">Tudor court</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Cretan_school" title="Cretan school">Cretan school</a></li>

<li><a href="Turquerie" title="Turquerie">Turquerie</a></li>

<li><a href="School_of_Fontainebleau" title="School of Fontainebleau">Fontainebleau school</a></li>

<li><a href="Art_of_the_late_16th_century_in_Milan" title="Art of the late 16th century in Milan">Art of the late 16th century in Milan</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">17th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque</a>

<ul><li><a href="Baroque_in_Milan" class="mw-redirect" title="Baroque in Milan">Baroque in Milan</a></li>

<li><a href="Flemish_Baroque_painting" title="Flemish Baroque painting">Flemish Baroque</a></li>

<li><a href="Caravaggisti" title="Caravaggisti">Caravaggisti</a>

<ul><li><a href="Utrecht_Caravaggism" title="Utrecht Caravaggism">in Utrecht</a></li>

<li><a href="Tenebrism" title="Tenebrism">Tenebrism</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Louis_XIII_style" title="Louis XIII style">Louis XIII style</a></li>

<li><a href="Lutheran_baroque" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran baroque">Lutheran Baroque</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Stroganov_school" title="Stroganov school">Stroganov school</a></li>

<li><a href="Animal_painter" title="Animal painter">Animal painting</a></li>

<li><a href="Guild_of_Romanists" title="Guild of Romanists">Guild of Romanists</a></li>

<li><a href="Dutch_Golden_Age_painting" title="Dutch Golden Age painting">Dutch Golden Age</a>

<ul><li><a href="Delft_school_(painting)" title="Delft school (painting)">Delft school</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Capriccio_(art)" title="Capriccio (art)">Capriccio</a></li>

<li><a href="Ionian_school_(painting)" title="Ionian school (painting)">Heptanese school</a></li>

<li><a href="Classicism#In_the_fine_arts" title="Classicism">Classicism</a>

<ul><li><a href="Louis_XIV_style" title="Louis XIV style">Louis XIV style</a></li>

<li><a href="Poussinists_and_Rubenists" title="Poussinists and Rubenists">Poussinists and Rubenists</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">18th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Rococo" title="Rococo">Rococo</a>

<ul><li><a href="Rocaille" title="Rocaille">Rocaille</a></li>

<li><a href="Louis_XV_style" title="Louis XV style">Louis XV style</a></li>

<li><a href="Frederician_Rococo" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederician Rococo">Frederician</a></li>

<li><a href="Chinoiserie" title="Chinoiserie">Chinoiserie</a></li>

<li><i><a href="F%C3%AAte_galante" title="Fête galante">Fête galante</a></i></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Neoclassicism" title="Neoclassicism">Neoclassicism</a>

<li><a href="Louis_XVI_style" title="Louis XVI style">Louis XVI style</a></li>

<li><a href="Adam_style" title="Adam style">Adam style</a></li>

<li><a href="Directoire_style" title="Directoire style">Directoire style</a></li>

<li><a href="Neoclassical_architecture_in_Milan" title="Neoclassical architecture in Milan">Neoclassical architecture in Milan</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Picturesque" title="Picturesque">Picturesque</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">Colonial art</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Art of the <a href="African_diaspora" title="African diaspora">African diaspora</a>

<ul><li><a href="African-American_art" title="African-American art">African-American</a></li>

<li><a href="Caribbean_art" title="Caribbean art">Caribbean</a>

<ul><li><a href="Haitian_art" title="Haitian art">Haitian</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li>Colonial Asian art

<ul><li><a href="Arts_in_the_Philippines" title="Arts in the Philippines">Arts in the Philippines</a>

<ul><li><a href="Letras_y_figuras" title="Letras y figuras">Letras y figuras</a></li>

<li><a href="Tipos_del_Pa%C3%ADs" title="Tipos del País">Tipos del País</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Baroque#Baroque_in_the_Spanish_and_Portuguese_Colonial_Asia" title="Baroque">Colonial Asian Baroque</a></li>

<li><a href="Company_style" title="Company style">Company style</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Latin_American_art" title="Latin American art">Latin American art</a>

<ul><li><a href="Casta_painting" class="mw-redirect" title="Casta painting">Casta painting</a></li>

<li><a href="Indochristian_art" title="Indochristian art">Indochristian art</a>

<ul><li><a href="Chilote_school_of_religious_imagery" title="Chilote school of religious imagery">Chilote school</a></li>

<li><a href="Cuzco_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuzco school">Cuzco school</a></li>

<li><a href="Quito_school" title="Quito school">Quito school</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Baroque#Baroque_in_the_Spanish_and_Portuguese_Colonial_Americas" title="Baroque">Latin American Baroque</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">Art borrowing<br>Western elements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Islamic_art" title="Islamic art">Islamic</a>

<ul><li><a href="Al-Andalus#Art_and_architecture" title="Al-Andalus">Moorish</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Manichaean_art" title="Manichaean art">Manichaean</a></li>

<li><a href="Mughal_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughal art">Mughal</a></li>

<li><a href="Qajar_art" title="Qajar art">Qajar</a></li>

<li><a href="Qing_handicrafts" title="Qing handicrafts">Qing handicrafts</a></li>

<li>Western influence in <a href="Japanese_art" title="Japanese art">Japan</a>

<ul><li><a href="Akita_ranga" title="Akita ranga">Akita ranga</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%"><a href="History_of_art#Western_art_after_1770" title="History of art">Transition<br>to modern</a><br>(c. 1770 – 1862)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Romanticism#Visual_arts" title="Romanticism">Romanticism</a>

<ul><li><a href="Fairy_painting" title="Fairy painting">Fairy painting</a></li>

<li><a href="Danish_Golden_Age" title="Danish Golden Age">Danish Golden Age</a></li>

<li><a href="Troubadour_style" title="Troubadour style">Troubadour style</a></li>

<li><a href="Nazarene_movement" title="Nazarene movement">Nazarene movement</a></li>

<li><a href="Purismo" title="Purismo">Purismo</a></li>

<li><a href="Ancients_(art_group)" title="Ancients (art group)">Shoreham Ancients</a></li>

<li><a href="D%C3%BCsseldorf_school_of_painting" class="mw-redirect" title="Düsseldorf school of painting">Düsseldorf school</a></li>

<li><a href="Pre-Raphaelite_Brotherhood" title="Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood">Pre-Raphaelites</a></li>

<li><a href="Hudson_River_School" title="Hudson River School">Hudson River School</a>

<ul><li><a href="Luminism_(American_art_style)" title="Luminism (American art style)">American luminism</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Orientalism#Orientalist_art" title="Orientalism">Orientalism</a></li>

<li><a href="Norwich_school_of_painters" title="Norwich school of painters">Norwich school</a></li>

<li><a href="Empire_style" title="Empire style">Empire style</a></li>

<li><a href="Historicism_(art)" title="Historicism (art)">Historicism</a>

<ul><li><a href="Revivalism_(architecture)" title="Revivalism (architecture)">Revivalism</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Biedermeier" title="Biedermeier">Biedermeier</a></li>

<li><a href="Realism_(art_movement)" title="Realism (art movement)">Realism</a>

<ul><li><a href="Barbizon_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbizon school">Barbizon school</a></li>

<li><a href="Costumbrismo" title="Costumbrismo">Costumbrismo</a></li>

<li><a href="Verismo_(painting)" title="Verismo (painting)">Verismo</a>

<ul><li><a href="Macchiaioli" title="Macchiaioli">Macchiaioli</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Academic_art" title="Academic art">Academic art</a>

<ul><li><a href="Munich_school" title="Munich school">Munich school</a>

<ul><li><a href="Greek_academic_art_of_the_19th_century" title="Greek academic art of the 19th century">in Greece</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Etching_revival" title="Etching revival">Etching revival</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#EAE0C8;;width:1%"><a href="Modern_art" title="Modern art">Modern</a><br>(1863–1944)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">1863–1899</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Neo-romanticism" title="Neo-romanticism">Neo-romanticism</a>

<ul><li><a href="Romantic_nationalism#Arts" title="Romantic nationalism">National romanticism</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Nihonga" title="Nihonga">Nihonga</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Japonisme" title="Japonisme">Japonisme</a></i>

<ul><li><a href="Anglo-Japanese_style" title="Anglo-Japanese style">Anglo-Japanese style</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Beuron_school" title="Beuron school">Beuron school</a></li>

<li><a href="Hague_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Hague school">Hague school</a></li>

<li><a href="Peredvizhniki" title="Peredvizhniki">Peredvizhniki</a></li>

<li><a href="Impressionism" title="Impressionism">Impressionism</a>

<ul><li><a href="American_Impressionism" title="American Impressionism">American</a>

<ul><li><a href="Hoosier_Group" title="Hoosier Group">Hoosier Group</a></li>

<li><a href="Boston_school_(painting)" title="Boston school (painting)">Boston school</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Amsterdam_Impressionism" title="Amsterdam Impressionism">Amsterdam</a></li>

<li><a href="Canadian_Impressionism" title="Canadian Impressionism">Canadian</a></li>

<li><a href="Heidelberg_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Heidelberg school">Heidelberg school</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Aestheticism" title="Aestheticism">Aestheticism</a></li>

<li><a href="Arts_and_Crafts_movement" title="Arts and Crafts movement">Arts and Crafts</a>

<ul><li><a href="Art_pottery" title="Art pottery">Art pottery</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Tonalism" title="Tonalism">Tonalism</a></li>

<li><a href="Decadent_movement" title="Decadent movement">Decadent movement</a></li>

<li><a href="Symbolism_(movement)" title="Symbolism (movement)">Symbolism</a>

<ul><li><a href="Symbolist_movement_in_Romania" title="Symbolist movement in Romania">Romanian</a></li>

<li><a href="Russian_symbolism#Visual_arts" title="Russian symbolism">Russian</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Volcano_school" title="Volcano school">Volcano school</a></li>

<li><a href="Incoherents" title="Incoherents">Incoherents</a></li>

<li><a href="Post-Impressionism" title="Post-Impressionism">Post-Impressionism</a>

<ul><li><a href="Neo-Impressionism" title="Neo-Impressionism">Neo-Impressionism</a>

<ul><li><a href="Luminism_(Impressionism)" title="Luminism (Impressionism)">Luminism</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Divisionism" title="Divisionism">Divisionism</a></li>

<li><a href="Pointillism" title="Pointillism">Pointillism</a></li>

<li><a href="Pont-Aven_School" title="Pont-Aven School">Pont-Aven School</a></li>

<li><a href="Cloisonnism" title="Cloisonnism">Cloisonnism</a></li>

<li><a href="Synthetism" title="Synthetism">Synthetism</a></li>

<li><a href="Les_Nabis" class="mw-redirect" title="Les Nabis">Les Nabis</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="American_Barbizon_school" class="mw-redirect" title="American Barbizon school">American Barbizon school</a>

<ul><li><a href="California_tonalism" class="mw-redirect" title="California tonalism">California tonalism</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Costumbrismo#Visual_costumbrismo_in_the_Americas" title="Costumbrismo">Costumbrismo</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">1900–1914</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a>

<ul><li><a href="Art_Nouveau_in_Milan" title="Art Nouveau in Milan">Art Nouveau in Milan</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Primitivism" title="Primitivism">Primitivism</a></li>

<li><a href="California_Impressionism" title="California Impressionism">California Impressionism</a></li>

<li><a href="Secession_(art)" title="Secession (art)">Secessionism</a></li>

<li><a href="School_of_Paris" title="School of Paris">School of Paris</a>

<ul><li><a href="Munich_Secession" title="Munich Secession">Munich Secession</a></li>

<li><a href="Vienna_Secession" title="Vienna Secession">Vienna Secession</a></li>

<li><a href="Berlin_Secession" title="Berlin Secession">Berlin Secession</a></li>

<li><a href="Sonderbund_westdeutscher_Kunstfreunde_und_K%C3%BCnstler" title="Sonderbund westdeutscher Kunstfreunde und Künstler">Sonderbund</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Pennsylvania_Impressionism" title="Pennsylvania Impressionism">Pennsylvania Impressionism</a></li>

<li><a href="Mir_iskusstva" title="Mir iskusstva">Mir iskusstva</a></li>

<li><a href="Ten_American_Painters" title="Ten American Painters">Ten American Painters</a></li>

<li><a href="Fauvism" title="Fauvism">Fauvism</a></li>

<li><a href="Expressionism" title="Expressionism">Expressionism</a>

<ul><li><a href="Die_Br%C3%BCcke" title="Die Brücke">Die Brücke</a></li>

<li><a href="Der_Blaue_Reiter" title="Der Blaue Reiter">Der Blaue Reiter</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Noucentisme" title="Noucentisme">Noucentisme</a></li>

<li><a href="Deutscher_Werkbund" title="Deutscher Werkbund">Deutscher Werkbund</a></li>

<li><a href="American_Realism" class="mw-redirect" title="American Realism">American Realism</a>

<ul><li><a href="Ashcan_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashcan school">Ashcan school</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Cubism" title="Cubism">Cubism</a>

<ul><li><a href="Proto-Cubism" title="Proto-Cubism">Proto-Cubism</a></li>

<li><a href="Orphism_(art)" title="Orphism (art)">Orphism</a></li></ul></li>

<li><i><a href="The_Eight_(painters)" title="The Eight (painters)">A Nyolcak</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Neue_K%C3%BCnstlervereinigung_M%C3%BCnchen" title="Neue Künstlervereinigung München">Neue Künstlervereinigung München</a></li>

<li><a href="Futurism" title="Futurism">Futurism</a>

<ul><li><a href="Cubo-Futurism" title="Cubo-Futurism">Cubo-Futurism</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Metaphysical_painting" title="Metaphysical painting">Metaphysical</a></li>

<li><a href="Rayonism" title="Rayonism">Rayonism</a></li>

<li><a href="Productivism_(art)" title="Productivism (art)">Productivism</a></li>

<li><a href="Synchromism" title="Synchromism">Synchromism</a></li>

<li><a href="Vorticism" title="Vorticism">Vorticism</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">1915–1944</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Sosaku-hanga" class="mw-redirect" title="Sosaku-hanga">Sosaku-hanga</a></li>

<li><a href="Suprematism" title="Suprematism">Suprematism</a></li>

<li><a href="School_of_Paris" title="School of Paris">School of Paris</a></li>

<li><a href="Crystal_Cubism" title="Crystal Cubism">Crystal Cubism</a></li>

<li><a href="Constructivism_(art)" title="Constructivism (art)">Constructivism</a>

<ul><li><a href="Latin_American_art#Constructivist_movement" title="Latin American art">Latin American</a>

<ul><li><a href="Universal_Constructivism" title="Universal Constructivism">Universal Constructivism</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Shin-hanga" title="Shin-hanga">Shin-hanga</a></li>

<li><a href="Neoplasticism" title="Neoplasticism">Neoplasticism</a>

<ul><li><i><a href="De_Stijl" title="De Stijl">De Stijl</a></i></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Purism" title="Purism">Purism</a></li>

<li><a href="Return_to_order" title="Return to order">Return to order</a>

<ul><li><a href="Novecento_Italiano" title="Novecento Italiano">Novecento Italiano</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Figurative_Constructivism" title="Figurative Constructivism">Figurative Constructivism</a>

<ul><li><a href="Stupid_(art_movement)" title="Stupid (art movement)">Stupid</a></li>

<li><a href="Cologne_Progressives" title="Cologne Progressives">Cologne Progressives</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Arbeitsrat_f%C3%BCr_Kunst" title="Arbeitsrat für Kunst">Arbeitsrat für Kunst</a>

<ul><li><a href="November_Group_(German)" title="November Group (German)">November Group</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Australian_tonalism" title="Australian tonalism">Australian tonalism</a></li>

<li><a href="Dresden_Secession" title="Dresden Secession">Dresden Secession</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_realism" title="Social realism">Social realism</a></li>

<li><a href="Functionalism_(architecture)" title="Functionalism (architecture)">Functionalism</a>

<ul><li><a href="Bauhaus" title="Bauhaus">Bauhaus</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Kinetic_art" title="Kinetic art">Kinetic art</a></li>

<li><a href="Manifesto_Antrop%C3%B3fago" title="Manifesto Antropófago">Anthropophagy</a></li>

<li><a href="Mingei" title="Mingei">Mingei</a></li>

<li><a href="Group_of_Seven_(artists)" title="Group of Seven (artists)">Group of Seven</a></li>

<li><a href="New_Objectivity" title="New Objectivity">New Objectivity</a></li>

<li><a href="Grosvenor_School_of_Modern_Art" title="Grosvenor School of Modern Art">Grosvenor school</a></li>

<li><a href="Neues_Sehen" title="Neues Sehen">Neues Sehen</a></li>

<li><a href="Surrealism" title="Surrealism">Surrealism</a>

<ul><li><a href="Iranian_modern_and_contemporary_art#Surrealism_in_Iran" title="Iranian modern and contemporary art">Iranian</a></li>

<li><a href="Latin_American_art#Surrealism" title="Latin American art">Latin American</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Mexican_muralism" title="Mexican muralism">Mexican muralism</a></li>

<li><a href="Neo-Fauvism" title="Neo-Fauvism">Neo-Fauvism</a></li>

<li><a href="Precisionism" title="Precisionism">Precisionism</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Aeropittura" title="Aeropittura">Aeropittura</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Scuola_Romana" title="Scuola Romana">Scuola Romana</a></li>

<li><a href="Cercle_et_Carr%C3%A9" title="Cercle et Carré">Cercle et Carré</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Group_(New_Zealand_art)" title="The Group (New Zealand art)">The Group</a></li>

<li><a href="Harlem_Renaissance" title="Harlem Renaissance">Harlem Renaissance</a></li>

<li><a href="Kapists" title="Kapists">Kapists</a></li>

<li><a href="Regionalism_(art)" title="Regionalism (art)">Regionalism</a>

<ul><li><a href="California_Scene_Painting" title="California Scene Painting">California Scene Painting</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Heroic_realism" title="Heroic realism">Heroic realism</a>

<ul><li><a href="Socialist_realism" title="Socialist realism">Socialist realism</a></li>

<li><a href="Streamline_Moderne" title="Streamline Moderne">Streamline Moderne</a></li>

<li><a href="Concrete_art" title="Concrete art">Concrete art</a>

<ul><li><a href="Abstraction-Cr%C3%A9ation" title="Abstraction-Création">Abstraction-Création</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Fourth_dimension_in_art#Dimensionist_manifesto" title="Fourth dimension in art">Dimensionism</a></li>

<li><a href="Boston_Expressionism" title="Boston Expressionism">Boston Expressionism</a></li>

<li><a href="Leningrad_School_of_Painting" title="Leningrad School of Painting">Leningrad school</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#EAE0C8;;width:1%"><a href="Contemporary_art" title="Contemporary art">Contemporary</a><br>and <a href="Postmodern_art" title="Postmodern art">Postmodern</a><br>(1945–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">1945–1959</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="International_Typographic_Style" title="International Typographic Style">International Typographic Style</a></li>

<li><a href="Abstract_expressionism" title="Abstract expressionism">Abstract expressionism</a>

<ul><li><a href="Washington_Color_School" title="Washington Color School">Washington Color School</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Visionary_art" title="Visionary art">Visionary art</a>

<ul><li><a href="Vienna_School_of_Fantastic_Realism" title="Vienna School of Fantastic Realism">Vienna School of Fantastic Realism</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Spatialism" title="Spatialism">Spatialism</a></li>

<li><a href="Color_field" title="Color field">Color field</a></li>

<li><a href="Lyrical_abstraction" title="Lyrical abstraction">Lyrical abstraction</a>

<ul><li><a href="Tachisme" title="Tachisme">Tachisme</a></li>

<li><a href="Arte_Informale" title="Arte Informale">Arte Informale</a></li>

<li><a href="COBRA_(art_movement)" title="COBRA (art movement)">COBRA</a></li>

<li><a href="Nuagisme" title="Nuagisme">Nuagisme</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Generaci%C3%B3n_de_la_Ruptura" title="Generación de la Ruptura">Generación de la Ruptura</a></li>

<li><a href="Jikken_K%C5%8Db%C5%8D" title="Jikken Kōbō">Jikken Kōbō</a></li>

<li><a href="Metcalf_Chateau" title="Metcalf Chateau">Metcalf Chateau</a></li>

<li><a href="Nanyang_Style" title="Nanyang Style">Nanyang Style</a></li>

<li><a href="Action_painting" title="Action painting">Action painting</a></li>

<li><a href="American_Figurative_Expressionism" title="American Figurative Expressionism">American Figurative Expressionism</a>

<li><a href="New_media_art" title="New media art">New media art</a></li>

<li><a href="New_York_School_(art)#Visual_arts" title="New York School (art)">New York school</a></li>

<li><a href="Hard-edge_painting" title="Hard-edge painting">Hard-edge painting</a></li>

<li><a href="Bay_Area_Figurative_Movement" title="Bay Area Figurative Movement">Bay Area Figurative Movement</a></li>

<li><a href="Les_Plasticiens" title="Les Plasticiens">Les Plasticiens</a></li>

<li><a href="Gutai_Art_Association" title="Gutai Art Association">Gutai Art Association</a></li>

<li><a href="Gendai_Bijutsu_Kondankai" title="Gendai Bijutsu Kondankai">Gendai Bijutsu Kondankai</a></li>

<li><a href="Situationist_International" title="Situationist International">Situationist International</a></li>

<li><a href="Soviet_Nonconformist_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Nonconformist Art">Soviet Nonconformist</a>

<ul><li><a href="Ukrainian_underground" title="Ukrainian underground">Ukrainian underground</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Lettrism" title="Lettrism">Lettrism</a>

<ul><li><a href="Letterist_International" title="Letterist International">Letterist International</a></li>

<li><a href="Ultra-Lettrist" title="Ultra-Lettrist">Ultra-Lettrist</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Florida_Highwaymen" class="mw-redirect" title="Florida Highwaymen">Florida Highwaymen</a></li>

<li><a href="Cybernetic_art" title="Cybernetic art">Cybernetic art</a></li>

<li><a href="Antipodeans" title="Antipodeans">Antipodeans</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">1960–1969</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Otra_Figuraci%C3%B3n" title="Otra Figuración">Otra Figuración</a></li>

<li><a href="Afrofuturism" title="Afrofuturism">Afrofuturism</a></li>

<li><a href="Nueva_Presencia" title="Nueva Presencia">Nueva Presencia</a></li>

<li><a href="Happening" title="Happening">Happening</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="Neo-Dada_Organizers" title="Neo-Dada Organizers">Neo-Dada Organizers</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Nouveau_r%C3%A9alisme" title="Nouveau réalisme">Nouveau réalisme</a></li>

<li><a href="Nouvelle_tendance" title="Nouvelle tendance">Nouvelle tendance</a></li>

<li><a href="Capitalist_realism" title="Capitalist realism">Capitalist realism</a></li>

<li><a href="Art_%26_Language" title="Art & Language">Art & Language</a></li>

<li><a href="Arte_Povera" title="Arte Povera">Arte Povera</a></li>

<li><a href="Black_Arts_Movement" title="Black Arts Movement">Black Arts Movement</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Caribbean_Artists_Movement" title="The Caribbean Artists Movement">The Caribbean Artists Movement</a></li>

<li><a href="Chicano_art_movement" title="Chicano art movement">Chicano art movement</a></li>

<li><a href="Conceptual_art" title="Conceptual art">Conceptual art</a></li>

<li><a href="Systems_art" title="Systems art">Systems art</a></li>

<li><a href="Video_art" title="Video art">Video art</a></li>

<li><a href="Minimalism_(visual_arts)" title="Minimalism (visual arts)">Minimalism</a></li>

<li><a href="Fluxus" title="Fluxus">Fluxus</a></li>

<li><a href="Generative_art" title="Generative art">Generative art</a></li>

<li><a href="Post-painterly_abstraction" title="Post-painterly abstraction">Post-painterly abstraction</a></li>

<li><a href="Intermedia" title="Intermedia">Intermedia</a></li>

<li><a href="Psychedelic_art" title="Psychedelic art">Psychedelic art</a></li>

<li><a href="Photorealism" title="Photorealism">Photorealism</a></li>

<li><a href="Environmental_art" title="Environmental art">Environmental art</a></li>

<li><a href="Performance_art" title="Performance art">Performance art</a></li>

<li><a href="Institutional_critique" title="Institutional critique">Institutional critique</a></li>

<li><a href="Light_and_Space" title="Light and Space">Light and Space</a></li>

<li><a href="Street_art" title="Street art">Street art</a></li>

<li><a href="Feminist_art_movement" title="Feminist art movement">Feminist art movement</a>

<li><a href="Iranian_modern_and_contemporary_art#Saqqakhaneh_movement" title="Iranian modern and contemporary art">Saqqakhaneh movement</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Stars_Art_Group" title="The Stars Art Group">The Stars Art Group</a></li>

<li><a href="Tropic%C3%A1lia" title="Tropicália">Tropicália</a></li>

<li><a href="Artificial_intelligence_visual_art" title="Artificial intelligence visual art">Artificial intelligence visual art</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">1970–1999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Post-conceptual_art" title="Post-conceptual art">Post-conceptual art</a></li>

<li><a href="Installation_art" title="Installation art">Installation art</a></li>

<li><a href="Artscene" class="mw-redirect" title="Artscene">Artscene</a></li>

<li><a href="Postminimalism" title="Postminimalism">Postminimalism</a></li>

<li><a href="Endurance_art" title="Endurance art">Endurance art</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="Moscow_Conceptualists" title="Moscow Conceptualists">Moscow Conceptualists</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Pattern_and_Decoration" title="Pattern and Decoration">Pattern and Decoration</a></li>

<li><a href="Pliontanism" title="Pliontanism">Pliontanism</a></li>

<li><a href="Neo-expressionism" title="Neo-expressionism">Neo-expressionism</a>

<ul><li><a href="Transavantgarde" title="Transavantgarde">Transavantgarde</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Haitian_art#Saint_Soleil_School" title="Haitian art">Saint Soleil school</a></li>

<li><a href="Guerrilla_art" title="Guerrilla art">Guerrilla art</a></li>

<li><a href="Lowbrow_(art_movement)" title="Lowbrow (art movement)">Lowbrow art</a></li>

<li><a href="Telematic_art" title="Telematic art">Telematic art</a></li>

<li><a href="Appropriation_(art)" title="Appropriation (art)">Appropriation art</a></li>

<li><a href="Neo-conceptual_art" title="Neo-conceptual art">Neo-conceptual art</a></li>

<li><a href="New_European_Painting" title="New European Painting">New European Painting</a></li>

<li><a href="Tunisian_collaborative_painting" title="Tunisian collaborative painting">Tunisian collaborative painting</a></li>

<li><a href="Memphis_Group" title="Memphis Group">Memphis Group</a></li>

<li><a href="Cyberdelic" title="Cyberdelic">Cyberdelic</a></li>

<li><a href="Neue_Slowenische_Kunst" title="Neue Slowenische Kunst">Neue Slowenische Kunst</a></li>

<li><a href="Scratch_video" title="Scratch video">Scratch video</a></li>

<li><a href="Transgressive_art" title="Transgressive art">Transgressive</a></li>

<li><a href="Retrofuturism" title="Retrofuturism">Retrofuturism</a></li>

<li><a href="Young_British_Artists" title="Young British Artists">Young British Artists</a></li>

<li><a href="Superfiction" title="Superfiction">Superfiction</a></li>

<li><a href="Taring_Padi" title="Taring Padi">Taring Padi</a></li>

<li><a href="Superflat" title="Superflat">Superflat</a></li>

<li><a href="New_Leipzig_School" title="New Leipzig School">New Leipzig school</a></li>

<li><a href="Artist-run_initiative" class="mw-redirect" title="Artist-run initiative">Artist-run initiative</a></li>

<li><a href="Artivism" title="Artivism">Artivism</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Designers_Republic" title="The Designers Republic">The Designers Republic</a></li>

<li><a href="Grunge#Graphic_design" title="Grunge">Grunge design</a></li>

<li><a href="Verdadism" title="Verdadism">Verdadism</a></li>

<li><a href="Chinese_Apartment_Art" title="Chinese Apartment Art">Chinese Apartment Art</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">2000–<br>present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Amazonian_pop_art" title="Amazonian pop art">Amazonian pop art</a></li>

<li><a href="Altermodern" title="Altermodern">Altermodern</a></li>

<li><a href="Art_intervention" title="Art intervention">Art intervention</a></li>

<li><a href="Brandalism" title="Brandalism">Brandalism</a></li>

<li><a href="Classical_Realism" title="Classical Realism">Classical Realism</a></li>

<li><a href="Contemporary_African_art" title="Contemporary African art">Contemporary African art</a>

<ul><li><a href="Africanfuturism" title="Africanfuturism">Africanfuturism</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Contemporary_Indigenous_Australian_art" title="Contemporary Indigenous Australian art">Contemporary Indigenous Australian art</a></li>

<li><a href="Non-fungible_token#Digital_art" title="Non-fungible token">Crypto art</a></li>

<li><a href="Cyborg_art" title="Cyborg art">Cyborg art</a></li>

<li><a href="Excessivism" title="Excessivism">Excessivism</a></li>

<li><a href="Fictive_art" title="Fictive art">Fictive art</a></li>

<li><a href="Flat_design" title="Flat design">Flat design</a>

<ul><li><a href="Corporate_Memphis" title="Corporate Memphis">Corporate Memphis</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Hypermodernism_(art)" title="Hypermodernism (art)">Hypermodernism</a></li>

<li><a href="Hyperrealism_(visual_arts)" title="Hyperrealism (visual arts)">Hyperrealism</a></li>

<li><a href="Internet_art" title="Internet art">Internet art</a>

<ul><li><a href="Post-Internet" title="Post-Internet">Post-Internet</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="IPhone_art" title="IPhone art">iPhone art</a></li>

<li><a href="Kitsch_movement" title="Kitsch movement">Kitsch movement</a></li>

<li><a href="Lightpainting" title="Lightpainting">Lightpainting</a></li>

<li><a href="Massurrealism" title="Massurrealism">Massurrealism</a></li>

<li><a href="Modern_European_ink_painting" title="Modern European ink painting">Modern European ink painting</a></li>

<li><a href="Neo-futurism" title="Neo-futurism">Neo-futurism</a></li>

<li><a href="Neomodern#Artist_group" title="Neomodern">Neomodern</a></li>

<li><a href="Neosymbolism" title="Neosymbolism">Neosymbolism</a></li>

<li><a href="Passionism" title="Passionism">Passionism</a></li>

<li><a href="Relational_art" title="Relational art">Relational art</a></li>

<li><a href="Skeuomorph#In_design" title="Skeuomorph">Skeuomorphism</a></li>

<li><a href="Software_art" title="Software art">Software art</a></li>

<li><a href="Sound_art" title="Sound art">Sound art</a></li>

<li><a href="Stuckism" title="Stuckism">Stuckism</a></li>

<li><a href="Superflat" title="Superflat">Superflat</a>

<ul><li><a href="SoFlo_Superflat" title="SoFlo Superflat">SoFlo Superflat</a></li>

<li><a href="Superstroke" title="Superstroke">Superstroke</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Toyism" title="Toyism">Toyism</a></li>

<li><a href="Unilalianism" title="Unilalianism">Unilalianism</a></li>

<li><a href="Vaporwave" title="Vaporwave">Vaporwave</a></li>

<li><a href="Walking_Artists_Network" title="Walking Artists Network">Walking Artists Network</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#EAE0C8;;width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="History_of_art" title="History of art">History of art</a></li>

<li><a href="Abstract_art" title="Abstract art">Abstract art</a>

<ul><li><a href="Asemic_writing" title="Asemic writing">Asemic writing</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde">Avant-garde</a></li>

<li><a href="Ballets_Russes" title="Ballets Russes">Ballets Russes</a></li>

<li><a href="Christian_art" title="Christian art">Christian art</a>

<ul><li><a href="Art_in_the_Protestant_Reformation_and_Counter-Reformation" title="Art in the Protestant Reformation and Counter-Reformation">Art in the Protestant Reformation and Counter-Reformation</a></li>

<li><a href="Catholic_art" title="Catholic art">Catholic art</a></li>

<li><a href="Lutheran_art" title="Lutheran art">Lutheran art</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Digital_art" title="Digital art">Digital art</a></li>

<li><a href="Fantastic_art" title="Fantastic art">Fantastic art</a></li>

<li><a href="Hierarchy_of_genres" title="Hierarchy of genres">Hierarchy of genres</a>

<ul><li><a href="Genre_painting" title="Genre painting">Genre painting</a></li>

<li><a href="History_painting" title="History painting">History painting</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Illuminated_manuscript" title="Illuminated manuscript">Illuminated manuscript</a></li>

<li><a href="Illustration" title="Illustration">Illustration</a></li>

<li><a href="Interactive_art" title="Interactive art">Interactive art</a></li>

<li><a href="Jewish_art" title="Jewish art">Jewish art</a></li>

<li><a href="Kitsch" title="Kitsch">Kitsch</a></li>

<li><a href="Landscape_painting" title="Landscape painting">Landscape painting</a></li>

<li><a href="Modernism" title="Modernism">Modernism</a>

<ul><li><a href="Modern_sculpture" title="Modern sculpture">Modern sculpture</a></li>

<li><a href="Late_modernism" title="Late modernism">Late modernism</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Na%C3%AFve_art" title="Naïve art">Naïve art</a></li>

<li><a href="Outsider_art" title="Outsider art">Outsider art</a></li>

<li><a href="Portrait" title="Portrait">Portrait</a></li>

<li><a href="Prehistoric_art#Europe" title="Prehistoric art">Prehistoric European art</a></li>

<li><a href="Queer_art" title="Queer art">Queer art</a></li>

<li><a href="Realism_(arts)" title="Realism (arts)">Realism</a></li>

<li><a href="Shock_art" title="Shock art">Shock art</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Trompe-l'%C5%93il" title="Trompe-l'œil">Trompe-l'œil</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Western_painting" title="Western painting">Western painting</a></li></ul>

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